| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 11
| Issue : 3 | Page : 172-175 |
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A case of neonatal alloimmune neutropenia with an uncommon presentation
Marta Ribeiro Silva1, Vasco Carvalho1, Filipa Raposo2, Margarida Lima3, Miguel Costa2
1 Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
2 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
3 Department of Hematology, Hematological Diagnosis Unit, Cytometry and Genetics Laboratories, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Correspondence Address:
Marta Ribeiro Silva
Serviço de Pediatria, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
Portugal
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jcn.jcn_28_21
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Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAN) is a rare condition in neonates, with an incidence of <0.1%. It occurs when maternal antibodies against neutrophil antigens inherited from the father cross the placenta, destroying the neutrophils of the fetus and/or the newborn. We report a case of a female neonate who started exhibiting scattered petechiae over the trunk and lower limbs, a day after birth. The blood count revealed severe neutropenia and mild thrombocytopenia. Infections were excluded. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the presence of antineutrophil immunoglobulin G antibodies in the newborn's neutrophil membrane and in the mother's serum. When screened for polymorphisms in the genes encoding for human neutrophil antigens (HNA), we identified HNA-1b and/or HNA-3a as potential causes of the mother/daughter incompatibility. Even though neutropenia is usually self-limiting, neonates with NAN are at risk of developing severe infections. Therefore, early identification of these patients can prevent serious complications.
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